The Pros and Cons of Tracking in Schools
Academic tracking, sometimes called ability grouping, is a long-standing practice in U.S. public education. Schools group students into different classes or course levels based on perceived academic ability, standardized test performance, or teacher recommendations. These tracks often begin in elementary school and become more formalized in middle and high school through honors, advanced placement, and remedial coursework.
Supporters argue that tracking allows schools to meet students where they are academically, while critics raise concerns about equity, access, and long-term outcomes. As districts face widening achievement gaps, post-pandemic learning loss, and increased scrutiny from families, tracking remains a complex and highly relevant issue.
This updated overview examines how tracking works today, the potential benefits and drawbacks, and what parents should consider when navigating tracked systems in current public schools.
What Is Academic Tracking?
Tracking refers to the practice of separating students into different learning pathways based on academic performance or perceived ability. These pathways may include advanced or gifted programs, grade-level classes, and remedial or intervention-focused instruction.
In 2025, tracking looks different than it did a decade ago. Many districts have shifted away from rigid labels and toward flexible grouping, competency-based progression, or course-by-course placement rather than permanent tracks. However, traditional tracking remains common, especially in middle and high schools where course sequencing affects graduation requirements and college readiness.
Placement decisions typically rely on a combination of factors, including standardized test scores, classroom performance,
